PRONOUNS ( tugas Softskil B.Inggris)

Pronouns

ü  Definition:

A word (one of the traditional parts of speech) that takes the place of a noun, noun phrase, or noun clause. Adjective: pronominal.

A pronoun can function as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence. Unlike nouns, pronouns rarely allow modification. (See Examples and Observations, below.)

Pronouns are a closed word class in English: new members rarely enter the language.

ü  Rule for pronouns

A pronoun must agree with the noun it refer. Therefore, if the noun is singular, therefore the pronoun must be singular; if the noun is plural, use a plural pronoun; if the noun is feminine, use a feminine pronoun, and so on.

For example:

The train was late, it had been delayed.

The trains were late, they had been delayed.

Discussion of the pronoun includes several topics:

A. Personal, Possessive and Reflexive pronouns

Personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns describes the personal pronouns, possessive pronoun and reflexive pronouns.

Personal pronouns change its shape according to their use cases are:

* Subjective Case

* Cases objective

If the pronoun is used as the subject, then:

- “I” was the first person singular

- “You” second person singular pronoun

- “He” said the third person singular

- “She” said the third person singular

- “It” singular pronoun third

- “We” first person plural pronoun

- “You” second person plural pronoun

- “They” said the third person plural

Specification:

* The first person is a person who speaks / us

* The second person is the person we are talking to

* The third person is the person we are talking about

If the pronoun is used as an object, then:

Personal pronoun	Prular	Single
The first	Us	Me
The second	You	You
The third	them	Him/her/it

 Possessive pronoun has two functions: as an adjective and as a pronoun:

Possessive pronoun as a pronoun:

- Mine (mine)

- Yours (yours)

- His (her man)

- Hers (his woman)

- Ours (ours)

- Yours (yours)

- Theirs (theirs)

Possessive pronoun as an adjective:

- My (mine)

- Your (yours)

- His (hers male)

- Her (hers female)

- It’s (hers animal / object)

- Our (ours / we)

- Your (belongs to you)

- Their (theirs)

Which includes reflexive pronouns (reflexive pronouns) are:

- Myself (myself)

- Yourself (your own)

- Himself (herself for men)

- Herself (herself to peremnpuan)

- Itself (herself to an animal / object)

- Ourselves (we / our own)

- Yourselves (your own)

- Themselves (their own)

How to use in a sentence:

1. Personal pronouns

As the subject:

- I am a doctor.

- You are a student.

As an object:

- Do you love me?

- I asked him to go to Bandung.

2. Possessive pronouns

As an adjective:

- This is my house.

- That is your car.

As a pronoun:

- That pen is yours.

- This book is mine

- Your house and mine are both big.

- That horse of yours is tired.

3. Reflexive pronouns

Form of reflexive pronoun is used for two purposes:

a) To show that the person or animal to do something on her own,

example:

- He ask himself why He did not go yesterday.

b) To make it more emphatic pronoun

I myself give him the book

SUMMARY

Personal pronouns as:

subject I you he she it we you they

object me you him her it us you them

adjective my your his her its our your their

pronoun mine yours his hers _ ours ours theirs

refleksif myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves

B. Demonstrative and Indefinite pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns and indefinite pronouns describes pointer and indefinite pronouns

Words are categorized as a demonstrative pronoun (pronoun pointer),

for example:

This, that, these, those, one, ones and such.

- This is my pen.

- That is my house.

- These are your books.

- Those are your clothes.

Now consider the sentences below:

- The water of the hills is cooler than that of the plains. Hill Air cooler than flat ground air

- This book of mine is larger than that of yours. My book is bigger than your book

That in the second sentence above serves as a substitute for a noun water or book, then that is a pointer or demonstrative pronoun pronoun. While this in the second sentence followed olek noun book, this is a pointer or demonstrative adjective adjective.

So the words of this, that, Reviews These and Reviews those that followed by a noun is adjective demonstarative, and if it is not followed by a noun is called demonstrative pronouns.

Indefinite pronouns are indeterminate pronouns. The pronoun has no antecedent (the word or phrase that precedes the word replacement).

Words are classified as indefinite pronouns are:

all, any, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, most, nobody, noone / none, nothing, one (someone in the sense of anyone or everyone), somebody, someone, something.

Example of sentences:

- All are welcome.

- I do not want any.

- Any of us can do it easily.

- Anybody can belong to the club.

- Anyone can do it.

- You can buy anything in the shop.

- Everybody went but myself.

- Everyone I know has gone.

- Everything that he says is false.

- Most of the students are diligent.

- Nobody Came.

- None can tell.

- From nothing, nothing comes.

- One should take care of one's health.

- Somebody is knocking at the door.

- Someone Told Me about it.

- Something is better than nothing.

Pronouns mentioned above do not necessarily always followed by a singular verb, except all, any, most, none, and some may be followed by a verb plural or singular verb, depending on the sense of the sentence.

C. interrogative pronouns

We use interrogative pronouns to ask questions. The interrogative pronoun represents the thing that we don't know (what we are asking the question about).

There are four main interrogative pronouns: who, whom, what, which

Notice that the possessive pronoun whose can also be an interrogative pronoun (an interrogative possessive pronoun).

	subject	object
person	who	whom
thing	what
person/ thing	which
person	whose

Look at these example questions. In the sample answers, the noun phrase that the interrogative pronoun represents is shown in bold.

question	answer
Who told you?	John told me.	subject
Whom did you tell?	I told Mary.	object
What's happened?	An accident's happened.	subject
What do you want?	I want coffee.	object
Which came first?	The Porsche 911 came first.	subject
Which will the doctor see first?	The doctor will see the patient in blue first.	object
There's one car missing. Whose hasn't arrived?	John's (car) hasn't arrived.	subject
We've found everyone's keys. Whose did you find?	I found John's (keys).	object

Note that we sometimes use the suffix "-ever" to make compounds from some of these pronouns (mainly whoever, whatever, whichever). When we add "-ever", we use it for emphasis, often to show confusion or surprise. Look at these examples:

• Whoever would want to do such a nasty thing?
• Whatever did he say to make her cry like that?
• They're all fantastic! Whichever will you choose?

D. Relative or conjunctive pronouns

Conjunctions, relative pronouns and relative adverbs can be used to connect two clauses. The grammar is different. Prepositions do not connect two clauses. They merely show the relationship between a noun/pronoun and another word in the sentence.

Relative pronouns :

Relative pronouns are different from conjunctions. Relative pronouns are important connecting devices. They not only connect two clauses but also act as the subject or object of the verb in the relative clause. This is the main difference between conjunctions and relative pronouns. Conjunctions merely connect two clauses. They do not serve any other purpose.

Study the sentences given below.

* This is the letter. My mother sent me this letter.

* We can connect these two clauses.

* This is the letter that my mother sent me.

Here the relative pronoun that replaces the phrase this letter and acts as the object of the verb sent. It is easy to decide whether a relative pronoun is the subject or the object. When it is the object it will be immediately followed by another noun which acts as the subject. In this case, the relative pronoun ‘that’ is followed by the noun ‘my mother’ which acts as the subject.

- Another example is given below.

        * This is the boy. He won the first prize.

        * This is the boy who won the first prize.

Here the relative pronoun who replaces the pronoun he. It acts as the subject of the relative clause.

Relative adverb

The relative adverb not only modifies a verb, but also joins the two clauses in a sentence. Note that a relative adverb does not act as the subject or object in the relative clause. It merely replaces an adverb.

This is the house. John lives here.

This is the house where John lives.

Here the relative adverb where replaces the place adverb here.

Another example is given below.

I first met Susie on that day. I will never forget that day.

I will never forget the day when I first met Susie.

sumber: 

·         https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/pronouns-interrogative.htm

·         http://www.englishgrammar.org/difference-conjunctions-relative-pronouns-relative-adverbs/